Viewer for film slides



J. A. RoGAs 2,853,816

Sept. 3o, 195sv v VIEWER FOR FILM SLIDES Filed Jan. 9, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR E( E BY Joli/fz ffofqas i550/wey Sept.` 30, 1958 4 J. A. RoGAs 2,853,816

vIEwER FOR FILM sumas INVENToR. Ja/z/z Hqgas fifa/72@ VEWER FOR FILM SLIDES John A. Rogas, Forest Park, Ill. Application January 9, 1956, Serial No.`558,002

8 Claims. (Cl. 40-78) The present invention relates generally to photographic devices, and in particular it relates to devices for illuminating film slides.

One type of picture processing produces pictures in the -form of Hat rectangular slides in which the iilm is disposed in the center, o-f the slide and a paper or cardboard border tits yaround the edges of lthe slide. Many different types ofl viewers have been devised for viewing these slides, either by projection upon a screen or by direct viewing. One of the difficulties which has been experienced in the use of slide-viewing devices is that the slides wear during use. The slides are generally stacked in a magazine and transported from the magazine to a Viewing position, or` placed in the viewing position individually by hand, and then collected in a depository. The steps used to transport the slides into and out of the viewing position inevitably result in contact with lthe various parts of the slide viewer and in friction between one slide and another. As at result, the paper borders of the slides wear and become frayed, often resulting in jamming of the slides within the slide viewer.

One of the principal points of wear in the showing process in most slide-viewing devices is in the means for translating slides to the depository `which collects the slides after viewing. Generally, the `slides are stacked in parallel relationship and each slide rubs essential-ly the entire length of the adjacent slide as it enters the depository.

It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide a film slide-viewing device which substantially decreases the wear upon lilm Slides which occurs during the process of showing the slides.

Another diiicultly which is experienced in most slideviewing devices is that dirt `and dust become attached to the slides before viewing, resulting in undesirable smudges appearing in the reproduced picture. This dirt often occurs as a result of handling of the slides to place them in the Aviewing device. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide ya film slide-viewing device which does not require individual handling of slides before or after the viewing. 4

-Since each slide represents but a single view, most slide users `collect large rnumbers of film slides. This results in a storage problem, since each slide must be stored in ya relatively dark location free from dust and moisture. It is, therefore, a further object of the present invention to provide a slide-viewing device in which slides are stored in containers which may themselves become a portion of the magazine for the viewing device, thereby eliminating the necessity of handling the slides in order to view them.

-lBroadly speaking, the present invention accomplishes the foregoing objects by providing a film slide-viewing device which has a magazine in which slides to be shown 'are disposed, a viewing position, and a slide depository. The lm slides are stored in boxes which may be placed within a dust-tight and light impermeable cabinet during periods of non-use, and the boxes themselves are insertable into the magazine of the slide-viewing device. Means are provided to transport each slide in sequence rates Patent C) 2,853,816 Patented Sept. 30, 1958 r9' ICC 2 from the storage box placed in the magazine of the slideviewing device to the viewing position, and after viewing, to a second 4box of identical construction with the rboxdisposed in the magazine. The second ystorage box may then be inserted into the storage cabinet until it 1s desired to view the slides once again. y

A more complete understanding of the present inven tion and additional `advantages thereof, are contained in the remainder of this disclosure, particularly when considered in the light of the drawings, in which:

Figure l is a sectional view of a film slide viewer constructed according to the teachings of the present invention, the View being taken along the line 1-1 of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the film-viewing device of Figure l with the iilm storage drawers removed, the view being ytaken lalong line 2*-2 of Figure l;

Figure 3is a sectional view taken along the line 3 3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is an isometric view of the devices shown in Figures 1 through 3 for translating film slides to the viewing'position; t

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5 5 of Figure l; and

' Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 2. 'j

As illustrated in the figures, the film viewer has la supporting 'structure in the form` of a generally rectangular housing 10 which is provided with amounting or front plate 12 which is adapted to be vertically disposed. The front plate 12 is provided with an aperture 14 centrally thereof.

The housing 10 is also provided with a back plate 18 which is disposed parallel to and spaced from the front plate 12. A bottom plate 20 connects the back plate 18 and front plate 12 and is adapted to be disposed on a horizontal surface during periods of use. A support shelf 22 is disposed parallel to the bottom plate 20 and attached to the front plate 12 and the back plate 18, thus forming a lbattery compartment 24 between the bottom plate 20 and the plate 22. A battery 26 is removably disposed Within the battery compartment 24 through a panel 27 in the back plate 18.

The housing 10 is also provided with a top plate 28 which extends from the back plate 18 toward the front plate 12. A support strip 30 is normally secured to the end of the top plate 28 opposite the back plate 18, and an upper `strip 32 is secured to the support strip 30 and the front plate 12, The housing 10 also has side plates 34 and `36 which are `attached to the other elements of the housing to form a closed unit. A support shelf 38 is secured to the side plates 34 and 36 and the 'back plate' to the side plates 34 and 36, respectively, and extend -be-v tween the shelf 38 and the top plate 28 adjacent to the two corners of the aperture 42 which confront the back .plate 18. Each of the members 44 and 46 is provided with a right angle shaped channel 48 and 5t) disposed parallel to the back plate 18.

A second pair of slide members 52 and 54 (Figure 5) are'also mounted to the side plates 34 and 36, respectively, between the top plate 28 and the shelf 38, and areV also disposed parallel to the slide members 44 and 46. The slide vmembers 52 and 54 are also provided with right angle shaped channels 56 and 58, respectively,

whichconfront eachother and; the channels i48...and..50 intheslidemembers 44 and '46. A box 60 in the shape of a' drawer "is 'slidably "disposed within the `-four slide members 44, 46, 52 and 54 between the top plate 28 and the shelf 38. vThe `drawer L60 is' rectangular in shape 'and' hasV a .pair of confrontingsides 62 and 64'whi'chgare in slidable engagement inthe rectangular channels `48, 50,"'56 and 58"of"the slide"members 44, 46,.'52'and"`54. 'A front side 66"extends"between`the sides' ,62 and 64 confront? vrotation of the'plunger in the aperture 76. Theend of the plunger 74 within the drawer 60 is provided withan annular plate 82, and a helical spring 84 is disposed between the plate 82 and they confronting surface of the back side 18 of Ithe housing 10, thereby placing ar spring bias upon the plunger to force the plunger toward the front face 12 of the housing 10. A ,knob 86 is secured to theend of the plunger 74 oppositethe .plate- 82 to facilitate withdrawing of the plunger 94 from the drawer"60, so`.that thedrawer' 60 may be removed through theaperture .42,in the top plate28 ofthe hous- 4 ing 10. The `rib 80 does vnot extend .tothe `plate v82,

so that it functions as a stop whentheplunger 74 is withdrawn and rotated, thus permitting removalofthe drawer 60. l

The drawer 60 is provided with an open end 88 on .the side opposite the bottom -70, and the slidesv to be shown,

designated 90, are inserted into the drawer 60 through the open end.88.thereof. and disposed inabutting. rela-V- tionship 'with each other parallel to the bottom-.70 ,of

the drawer 60. "The plunger 74 places a spring bias upon the slides 90 in the direction of the front 'panel 12 of the housing 10.

` The front panel 12 is provided with a channel 92 whichv extends therein centrally from the top strip 32 to apoint adjacent to the opening 14 therein, as shown in Figures 1` through 3. The channel 92 has a narrow opening 94 and an enlarged-generally rectangular region 96 cornmunicating with the opening 94, thereby forming a Vgenerally T-shaped cross section for the channel 92. The

channel 92 forms a guide for a slide-transporting element 98and a slide-follow-up Velement 100.

VvThe slide-transporting element 98 has two adjacent plate-shaped portions 102 and 104, the portion 104 Vbeing wider than the portion 102. A connecting rib 106 is disposed between the central portions of both plateshaped portions 102 and 104 to interconnect them. The portion 102 is slidably disposed within the rectangular portion 96 of the channel 92, and the portion .104 ofthe transporting member 98 confronts the rear surface,fdesig nated 107, of the face plate 12. An arm 108 is vsecured to. the portion 104 at its end confronting the top plate 32,\and the .opposite end of the portion 104, designated 110, abuts the upper surface of the slide 90A` abutting the rear surface 107 of the front panel 12. The arm" 1084 extends from the transporting memberf98 .toward the .side wall 36 of the housing 10 fora distance ysuiicient to position the arm-108 away from the'. slides 90, andthence the arm is provided with a right 1angle '-bend 111 and extends downwardly to a second '.r'ightrangle bend V112 to a release lever 114 which isslidably disposed .within a channel 116 in the vwall 36of.the housing 10. A :spring 118 :extends fromtherelease lever 114 to.the VVtop .plate.32 of the vhousingito, place, a .spring Abias upon..the arm 108 in'the..direction of; the.-.top plate 32 .andfreturn the transporting member 98Ato a-position above the slides 90 after the slide 90A has been transported into alignment with' the opening 14 inv the "front panel 12.

The guide member 100 (Figures 3 and 4) has a bar 120 vwhich is slidably disposed within the rectangular portion 96 of the channel 92 above and adjacent to the transporting member 98. The bar 120 is attached to a cross bar 122 by a rib 124:extending through the opening 94 of the Vchannel v92,'anda pair offdepending bars 126 and 128 are secured to the ends of the cross bar 122. Triangular membersv 130 `,and 132 are secured to the depending bars .126 and 128 and extend outwardly therefrom normal to the front panel 12 lof the housing 10. Each of thextriangular members 130 and 132 has an essentially right triangular cross section with its normal portion 134 or 136, respectively, confronting the top plate 32 of the housing 10. The ends of the depending bars 126 and 128,. and the adjacent portions of the triangular members 130 and 132 arein abutment with the slide A abutting the front face. 12 of the housing 10.

The mounting strip 30 is provided with a pair of spaced 25. pins 138 and 140. A pair of `springs 142 and 144are mounted to kthe mounting strip 30. on the `pins 138. and 140,.respectively. Eachof thesprings 142 yand 144v is inthe form'of a wire and is provided with a turn 146 between its end legsV 148 and 150, the turn 146 beingv disposed about the post 138 or 140. TheA legs 148 of each lspring 142 and 144 abut the top strip 32 adjacent toitheir ends, and the legs 150 of each spring 142 and 144"abut the surfaces 134and,136 of the triangular members 130 and'132 ofthe guider member 1700, thereby placing a spring bias upon the guidev member 100 .in the direction of theopening 14 in the front panel 12 of the housing'10.

A second channel 152.(Figures 1 and 6)- is disposed below the opening 14 in the front panel 12 and generally 40.. aligned with'the'channel 92 above'the opening 14. The

extends towardthe wall 36 of the casing a distance equal to the distance thatthe rectangular portion 96 extends from the slot 94 toward the wall 36, and the cavity-156 extends a muchgreater distance toward the wall'34. '.A

channel11'58 .entersthe cavity 156 adjacent to the corner of the cavity 156 confronting the side wall 34 and'bottom 20, and a leaf springllt) is secured within the channel.

158 at an end portion 162 of greater cross section lthan the other end portion 164. The portion 164 issuiciently thintoV be bendable within the cavity 156 .and extends essentially across the entire cavity 156.

' The rear surface of the front panel 12 is provided with .a recess 166 immediately labovethe cavity 156 which extends 'to` ya point adjacent to the opening 14. A slide support member 168 is slidably disposed withinV the re- 0. cess 166 and the channel 152. j vThe slide support rmem- =6 ber 168 has a guide plate 170 which is slidably disposed Within the cavity 156, and an alignment rib 172 which extends from the plate ithrough the .slot 154. l The Ilower end of the alignment rib 172,'abuts the end 164 of thestrip spring 160, thus placingfaspring -bias upon the slidesupport 168 Yin the direction of the opening 14 in the front panel 12. A flat plate 174, is secured tohthe rib 1.72 .and the mem-ber 170-andrdisposed horizontally beneath the opening 14. The-plate 174 prot-rudes 4into ,thezhousing 10 from the .back` surface 107. ofthe front panel 12,; and holds a slide in 4,the viewing position, designatedt90B in Figure l,.in.position.before theropening14. v

AI pair of Vlea-f` springs 176 and178are secu-redto the shelf 38 on the vside :opposite the drawer-60. and curve away fr onrthelshelf .38, and toward the rear surface-107 The slot 154communi-` cates with .a cavity 156 which is rectangular in form and i @essere of the front panel 12. Each of the leaf springs 176 and 178 is disposed to abut the indentations 180 .and 182' in fthe rear surface of the front panel 12 on opposite sides of the channel 92. The ends of the springs 176 and 178 are thus disposed between the front panel 12 and a slide 90B Vin viewing position. When the next slide is pushed down into` viewing position, the bottom of the slide forces the springs 176 and 178 outward and engages the ends of the springs with the film 90B, thus ejecting the A second pair of leaf springs 184 and 185 are mounted ktothe rear surface of the front'panel 12 `on-opposite sides ofthe aperture14 and beneath the leaf springs 176 and 178. lThese springs 184 and 185 are provided with tabs 187 vwhich are anchored in the front panel 12 and mount the springs 184xand 185 at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the plate 174 without a slide in the viewing position. A slide 90B in the viewing position is wedged between the springs 184 and 185 and thus held in position, f

V.Arectangular aperture 186 is disposed in the back side-18 of the housing 10 extending upwardly from the support shelf 22, the aperture 186being rectangular and identical in shape with the aperture 42 in the top plate 28. A pairl of parallel alignment ribs 188 and 190 are secured tothe support shelf 22 yon opposite sides of the v laperture 186 and a second box, or drawer 192 is slidably disposed between the ribs 188 and 190 in'abutment with.4

the shelf '22. This drawer 192 is identical with the drawer 60 confronting the aperturer 42 in thetop plate 28, and is disposed with its-open side 88 confronting the lfirst shelf 38. A second pair of ribs 193 and 194 are mounted to the side walls 34 and 36, respectively, above the drawer 192 to guide the drawer. The rst shelf 38 also supports a lamp 196 which confronts the opening 1,4 in -thefront panel 12. The lamp 196 is connected tothe battery 26 in the battery compartment 24y and is used yto illuminate the slide 90B positioned adjacent to theopening 14. I n f p Both 4of the slide drawers 60 and 192 are"'re`adily removable from the housing and are provided with knobs 198 which protrude through the apertures 42 and.'

186, respectively. `The -ilm slides 90 are disposed paral- I lel to the bottoms 70 of each of the drawers 60'and '192,

aswilla-be explained below. f

- When it is -desired to show films, the films are disposed in abutting relationship parallel tolthe bottom70 of the drawer 60. Generally speaking, it is most convenient to house the drawers in a storage cabinet with the slides aligned parallel to the bottom 70 thereof, fand the drawer may simply `be removed from the cabinet and inserted into the housing 10 through the aperture 42, having first withdrawn the plunger 74 behind the two slide members 44and 461` The plunger 74 is then released and the plate 82 at the end `of the plunger contacts the slides 90 within the drawer 60 to push the slides 90 toward the rear surface107 of the front panel 12. The slide 90Ay which abuts the rear surface 107 of the front panel is ready to be Atranslated 'to the showing position at this point. The lamp 196 is then energized by thebattery 26, and the lever 114 depressed to cause the slide-transporting device 98 to abut against the upper surface of the slide .90A and force it into contact with the lea-f springs 176 and 178.

The leaf springs 176 and 178 act as ejection levers for film slide90B.v When the next film slide 90A is pushed down into viewing position, the bottom of the slide 90A forces the two springs 176 Iand 178 outwardly from the recesses 180 and 182-from which position the film slide 90B drops into the drawer 192.

These springs 176 and 178 at the same time -act as a force to hold theifilm slide 4coming down against the front surface 107. When the film is about three-fourths Vof the way down, the outer edgesof the slide engage springs 184 and 185 which continue to hold the film in a vertical position as it comes down, and the bottom of the' slide touches the ledge 174.-

Further pressure on lever 114 moves the lm 90B and plate A174 down until the springs 176 and 178 clear the top of the film B and abut against the recesses 180 and 182. When pressure is released on the lever 114, the plate 174 is spring biased upward by spring 160 until it can go up no further Iand the film isthen in viewing position and is held vertically by springs 184 and 185. The springs 176 and 178 are then in a position to reject the viewed film and to hold succeeding films flush against the surface 107,. The slide 90B then is wedged betweenj the springs 184 and 185 and may be viewed. The-follow-up mechanism 100 follows the slide 90A as lit moves downwardly to form a wedge between the .back surface 107 of the front panel 12 and the slides 90 in the drawer 60. As a result, the slide 90A is free to slide downwardly without friction against the adjacent slide resting on the shelf 38. In this manner, there is little wear imposed on the slides by the step of translating the slides from the magazine to the viewing position. When Ithe lever 114 is released, the transporting device -98 and follow-up mechanism 100 will again assume a position abovethe slides 90. l y

The following slide may be viewed from the drawer 60 by again depressing the lever 114. This slide 90A will contact upper surfaces of spring v176 and 178 thus causing the springs to bend backwards forcing film 90B to pivot on support plate 174 and fall horizontally into drawer 192. The lm is further forced down by mechanism 98 until the bottom of the slide touches plate 168. Further pressure moves the film slide and plate 168 down until the springs 1'76 and 178 clear the top of the film 90B and abut against the recesses 180 and 182. When pressure is released on the lever 114 the plate 168 is spring biased upward by spring 164 until surface 170 of plate 168 hits the top of the cavity 152. The film is then in turned above and in front of film 90B. The process may be repeated until all o-f the slides are transferred from the drawer 60 to the drawer 192. The drawer 192 may then be removed through ythe aperture186 and placed in a storage cabinet, and the drawer 60 may be removed through the aperture 42 after withdrawing the plunger 74. This drawer is now empty and may be inserted into the housing 10 through the aperture 186 to become the receptacle drawer 192 for the next batch of slides.

The film viewing device illustrated above utilizes all of the space available in thedrawers for the storage of slides, and thus for a given amount of storage capacity in a storage cabinet, or `the like, a maximum number of slides may be disposed and subsequently viewed. Also, this construction permits a maximum number of slides to be shown without replacingthe slide supply drawer 60 since the drawer contains slides abutting each other. Due'to the fact that the plunger 74 isrequired to place ver-y little force upon the slides 90 within the drawer 60, and even this force is removed from the slide 90A during translation by the follow-up Amechanism 100, very little wear is imposed upon the slides during the process of removing them from the Ydrawer 60. Further, the mechanism used to deposit the slidesin the drawer 192 requires very little contact with other parts of the viewing device, or with other slides, thus minimizing the wear upon the frames'of the lm slides.

The inventors film viewer is of simple construction and inexpensive. lt is clearly adaptable for projection work by inserting an optical system in the opening 14 and positioning the lamp 196 in the proper position for the optical lt is therefore intended that the scope of the present` invention be limited only by the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:

tt l. A1 slide :viewing device comprising, infcombination, f

a support structure including'af mounting lplate v'having an aperture ntherein, aI-rectangular box open -at yonessidey removably mounted above theaperture inv thel mounting plate with-itsopen side spaced from and confronting the mountingplate the wall opposite the open sideof the box havingan oriiice thereinlandfsaid vbox being adapted tol contain a-pluralityof:rectangular slides lin labutting 2. A slidefviewingdevice comprising the elements of claim l in combination with'asecond box identical with' the lfirst box removably mounted adjacent tothe mounting 'plate onvthe side ofthe aperture therein opposite-to the first 'box with 'its open side 4disposed normal. to`lthe mounting plate, said vslide'ttransporting means also transporting slides from registry with the aperture in the wall thereof.

3. A viewing device comprising, in combination, a housing having a mounting plate with an opening therein, a back plate, and a top plate disposed between the back plate and the mounting plate uprovided with a rectangular aperture vadjacent to the mounting plate, said housing having a shelf disposed spaced from and normal to .the mounting plate between the opening therein and the Vtop plate, guide means adapted to engage a rectangular box disposed between the shelf andthe top plate adjacent to theaperture therein, a plunger journaled withinr an `Vaperture `in the back plate extending toward the mounting plate through a region confronting the aperture in the top plate, a helical 'spring'disposed between the` back plate and the end of the plunger confronting the` mounting plate to spring bias the plunger in the direction of"the mounting'plate, a channel disposed within the mounting plate having a-relatively narrowslot extending 'through' the surface of the front plate along an axis extending from the opening in the front plate toward the top plate and confronting the plunger, a slidetransporting memberhaving a portion slidably disposedv within the channel and a portion extending V,outwardly from the surface of the mounting yplate through the slotj therein a distance approximately equal to Vthe thickness of the slides to be viewed, an arm coupled tothe slide transporting mechanism, a helicalv spring disposed between the arm and the top plate spring biasing the arm towardl the top plate, and a lever disposed at the end of the arm `for .applying force to transport the slides into registry with the opening.

4. A iilm slide vviewing device comprising the elements of claim 3 in combination with a slide follow-up'me'fchanism including a bar slidably` disposed-within the channel in the mounting plate above the slide transporting mechanism, a cross bar attached to the bar and disposed adjacent to the surface of the mounting plate, a pair of depending members attached to the ends of the cross bar, said members terminatingin wedge-shaped surfaces l adapted to wedge between the front plate and Vthe adjacent slidetin the box, and spring-biasing means coupledtothe followup-mechanism for applying a force on the follow-up, mechanisml inzthe Ydirection of the slide transporting means.

5. A slide viewing device comprising, in combination, amounting structure includinga plate with any-opening therein and an elongated channel, disposedwwithint-the plate,said;platehaving a relatively narrow slotxextending from the channel throughk one surface of the plate along an `axis extending-from Ithe -openinghthereim means 'for positioning a stack of parallel slides parallel :to 4and abuttingthe plate, a slide transportingfmember having a portion slidablyfdisposed within-the channel having a surface remote fromthe opening disposedl normal 'tothe axis ofthe-channely and a 'portion extending outwardly from` said surface of i the -plate throughtheslotftherein al distance approximately equal to the thickness `of-"the slide to -be viewed, an arm coupled `to the slide transport- V Ving member for applying force to transport the slide into registry with the opening, a slidefollow-up-tmechanism including a barlslidably-disposed Withinthe channelin mounting plate into the second box parallel to the orificed the plate normal to the -axis thereof-on the Y' side ofthe slide transporting member remote from the opening Vin kthe-plate, a crossy bar parallelyattached to Vthe'fbarand disposed Vadjacent to thesurface of the 'platefa pair `of depending members attached toV the ends 'of the `cross bar,sra'idvde'pending members terminating iniwedge shaped portions adapted to wedge betweenxtheplate and anadjacent slide', and spring biasing means coupledtothe follow-up mechanism forapplying af force on the followup mechanism intheY direction Aof the slides transporting member.

v'6. Al'slide transporting-mechanism comprising a supporting structure including a rst plate having 'an-`open ing therein-and a recess adjacent Ato the opening, slide storage means for lpositioning slidesin parallel abutmentthe storage means toward the aperture in the first plate, Y ,whereby Ythe translated slide abuts `the leafl springiand the;leaf,spring.ab uts a slide in registerwithithe opening in the rstplate to eject said slide. f

7. A film` slide transporting mechanism comprising the elements Aofgrclaim 6 ini-combination with a;pair:0f tleaf springs mounted at one end tof'the ;first1lplate adjacent.

to-,the -second plate, lsaid springs ,being .disposed onzopposite sides tof the opening andadapted .to -securei a slide therebetween when the slide is in register with the opening. t

' 8.' Ay film slide transporting l mechanism comprising a mounting structure 'including a first plate an open-V ing therein'and arst elongated channel disposed-within thejiirst plate, said iirst platehavinga relatively narrow ,rst slotextending through one surface of theiirstplate into the irst'channel, said first slot extending valong an axis' fromtheopening lin the firstplate, mearisforpositioning a slide parallel toand abutting. the first plate, a slide transporting `member having, awportion slidablyV disposed` within 'the `first channel=and a portion extending outwardlyfrom saidvsurface `of the rst platerzthrough` the iiirst slottherein a Adistance approximately 4equal to` the lthickness Aof thexslidetox be viewedsa`id frstpla'te being provided with a second elongated channel aligned with `thewfirst-'cha'nnel and disposed lon 'the oppositewside of .the-opening from the :iirst channel, saiddirstplate havingazsecond slot extendingr through the surfa-ceof-the rst plate, a translatable keydisposed within the'second slot, a -second plate exterior tothe channel and normally abutting the first plate secured to the key, and a'spring secured tothe Vfirst plate abutting the key, ysaid spring biasing the second plate .towardl the iopening.

J (References v,on following page) References Cited in the 111e of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Bryan Jan. 19, 1875 Caille Feb. 26, 1907 5 Powers Aug. 12, 1919 Neitzel June 26, 1945 10 Antos Apr. 11, 1950 Parlin et al. June 27, 1950v stes Dec. 12, 195o Antos Nov. 11, 1952 Barth Apr. 14, 1953 Lessman Apr. 5, 1955 

